Main article: Demographics of Florida
See also: Culture of Florida
Florida's population density
Population
| Historical population | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1830 | 34,730 | — | |
| 1840 | 54,477 | 56.9% | |
| 1850 | 87,445 | 60.5% | |
| 1860 | 140,424 | 60.6% | |
| 1870 | 187,748 | 33.7% | |
| 1880 | 269,493 | 43.5% | |
| 1890 | 391,422 | 45.2% | |
| 1900 | 528,542 | 35.0% | |
| 1910 | 752,619 | 42.4% | |
| 1920 | 968,470 | 28.7% | |
| 1930 | 1,468,211 | 51.6% | |
| 1940 | 1,897,414 | 29.2% | |
| 1950 | 2,771,305 | 46.1% | |
| 1960 | 4,951,560 | 78.7% | |
| 1970 | 6,789,443 | 37.1% | |
| 1980 | 9,746,324 | 43.6% | |
| 1990 | 12,937,926 | 32.7% | |
| 2000 | 15,982,378 | 23.5% | |
| 2010 | 18,801,310 | 17.6% | |
| Est. 2016 | 20,612,439 | 9.6% | |
|
2016 Estimate[4] |
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Florida contains the highest percentage of people over 65 (17%).[88] There were 186,102 military retirees living in the state in 2008.[89] About two-thirds of the population was born in another state, the second highest in the U.S.[90]
In 2010, illegal immigrants constituted an estimated 5.7% of the population. This was the sixth highest percentage of any state in the U.S.[91][92] There were an estimated 675,000 illegal immigrants in the state in 2010.[93]
A 2013 Gallup poll indicated that 47% of the residents agreed that Florida was the best state to live in. Results in other states ranged from a low of 18% to a high of 77%.[94]
Municipalities and metropolitan areas
See also: List of urbanized areas in Florida (by population), Florida statistical areas, List of municipalities in Florida, and Florida locations by per capita income
The legal name in Florida for a city, town or village is
"municipality". In Florida there is no legal difference between towns,
villages and cities.[95]In 2012, 75% of the population lived within 10 miles (16 km) of the coastline.[96]
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|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Name | County | Pop. | ||||||
 Jacksonville  Miami |
1 | Jacksonville | Duval | 853,382 |  Tampa  Orlando |
||||
| 2 | Miami | Miami-Dade | 430,332 | ||||||
| 3 | Tampa | Hillsborough | 358,699 | ||||||
| 4 | Orlando | Orange | 262,372 | ||||||
| 5 | St. Petersburg | Pinellas | 253,693 | ||||||
| 6 | Hialeah | Miami-Dade | 235,563 | ||||||
| 7 | Tallahassee | Leon | 188,107 | ||||||
| 8 | Fort Lauderdale | Broward | 176,013 | ||||||
| 9 | Port St. Lucie | St. Lucie | 174,110 | ||||||
| 10 | Cape Coral | Lee | 169,854 | ||||||
A map of Florida showing county names and boundaries.
Florida has 22 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB). 43 of Florida's 67 counties are in a MSA.
Racial and ethnic makeup
Predominant ancestry in Florida in 2010
| [hide]Racial composition | 1970[98] | 1990[98] | 2000[99] | 2010[100] | 2013 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White (includes White Hispanics) | 84.2% | 83.1% | 78.0% | 75.0% | 78.1% |
| Black | 15.3% | 13.6% | 14.6% | 16.0% | 16.7% |
| Asian | 0.2% | 1.2% | 1.7% | 2.4% | 2.7% |
| Native | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% |
| Other race | 0.1% | 1.8% | 3.0% | 3.6% | – |
| Two or more races | – | – | 2.3% | 2.5% | 1.9% |
| Non-Hispanic whites | 77.9% | 73.2% | 65.4% | 57.9% | 56.4% |
| Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 6.6% | 12.2% | 16.8% | 22.5% | 23.6% |
Florida is among the three states with the most severe felony disenfranchisement laws. Florida requires felons to have completed sentencing, parole and/or probation, and then seven years later, to apply individually for restoration of voting privileges. As in other aspects of the criminal justice system, this law has disproportionate effects for minorities. As a result, according to Brent Staples, based on data from The Sentencing Project, the effect of Florida's law is such that in 2014 "[m]ore than one in ten Floridians – and nearly one in four African-American Floridians – are shut out of the polls because of felony convictions."[103]
Ancestry groups
In 2010, 6.9% of the population (1,269,765) considered themselves to be of only American ancestry (regardless of race or ethnicity).[104][105] Many of these were of English or Scotch-Irish descent; however, their families have lived in the state for so long, that they choose to identify as having "American" ancestry or do not know their ancestry.[106][107][108][109][110][111] In the 1980 United States census the largest ancestry group reported in Florida was English with 2,232,514 Floridians claiming that they were of English or mostly English American ancestry.[112] Some of their ancestry went back to the original thirteen colonies.As of 2010, those of (non-Hispanic white) European ancestry accounted for 57.9% of Florida's population. Out of the 57.9%, the largest groups were 12.0% German (2,212,391), 10.7% Irish (1,979,058), 8.8% English (1,629,832), 6.6% Italian (1,215,242), 2.8% Polish (511,229), and 2.7% French (504,641).[104][105] White Americans of all European backgrounds are present in all areas of the state. In 1970, non-Hispanic whites were nearly 80% of Florida's population.[113] Those of English and Irish ancestry are present in large numbers in all the urban/suburban areas across the state. Some native white Floridians, especially those who have descended from long-time Florida families, may refer to themselves as "Florida crackers"; others see the term as a derogatory one. Like whites in most of the other Southern states, they descend mainly from English and Scots-Irish settlers, as well as some other British American settlers.[114]
Cuban men playing dominoes in Miami's Little Havana. In 2010, Cubans made up 34.4% of Miami's population and 6.5% of Florida's.[115][116]
As of 2010, those of African ancestry accounted for 16.0% of Florida's population, which includes African Americans. Out of the 16.0%, 4.0% (741,879) were West Indian or Afro-Caribbean American.[104][105][116] During the early 1900s, black people made up nearly half of the state's population.[121] In response to segregation, disfranchisement and agricultural depression, many African Americans migrated from Florida to northern cities in the Great Migration, in waves from 1910 to 1940, and again starting in the later 1940s. They moved for jobs, better education for their children and the chance to vote and participate in society. By 1960 the proportion of African Americans in the state had declined to 18%.[122] Conversely large numbers of northern whites moved to the state.[citation needed] Today, large concentrations of black residents can be found in northern and central Florida. Aside from blacks descended from African slaves brought to the US south, there are also large numbers of blacks of West Indian, recent African, and Afro-Latino immigrant origins, especially in the Miami/South Florida area. In 2010, Florida had the highest percentage of West Indians in the United States, with 2.0% (378,926) from Haitian ancestry, and 1.3% (236,950) Jamaican.[123] All other (non-Hispanic) Caribbean nations were well below 0.1% of Florida residents.[123][124]
As of 2010, those of Asian ancestry accounted for 2.4% of Florida's population.[104][105]
Languages
20% of Floridians speak Spanish, the second most widely-spoken language.
See also: Demographics of Florida § Languages, and Miami accent
In 1988 English was affirmed as the state's official language in the Florida Constitution.
Spanish is also widely spoken, especially as immigration has continued
from Latin America. Twenty percent of the population speak Spanish as
their first language. Twenty-seven percent of Florida's population
reports speaking a mother language other than English, and more than 200 first languages other than English are spoken at home in the state.[125][126]The most common languages spoken in Florida as a first language in 2010 are:[125]
- 73% — English
- 20% — Spanish
- 2% — Haitian Creole
- Other languages comprise less than 1% spoken by the state's population
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